--- 1/draft-ietf-grow-collection-communities-04.txt 2006-02-04 23:23:58.000000000 +0100 +++ 2/draft-ietf-grow-collection-communities-05.txt 2006-02-04 23:23:58.000000000 +0100 @@ -1,39 +1,46 @@ INTERNET-DRAFT D. Meyer -draft-ietf-grow-collection-communities-04.txt +draft-ietf-grow-collection-communities-05.txt Category Best Current Practice -Expires: September 2004 March 2004 +Expires: March 2005 September 2004 BGP Communities for Data Collection - + Status of this Memo - This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions - of Section 10 of RFC2026. + Status of this Memo - Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering - Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that - other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- - Drafts. + This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all + provisions of section 3 of RFC 3667. By submitting this + Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable + patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have + been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she become + aware will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668. - Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months - and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any - time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference - material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." + Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet + Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working + groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working + documents as Internet-Drafts. + + Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six + months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other + documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use + Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other + than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at - http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html + http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. - The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at - http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html + The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed + at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This document is a product of the GROW WG. Comments should be addressed to the authors, or the mailing list at grow@lists.uoregon.edu. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract @@ -50,40 +57,38 @@ route collectors. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Peers and Peering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2. Customer Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3. Peer Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.4. Internal Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 2.5. Internal More Specific Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 2.5. Internal More Specific Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.6. Special Purpose Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.7. Upstream Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.8. National Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.9. Regional Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. RFC 1997 Community Encoding and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1. Community Values for BGP Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Extended Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 4.1. Four-octet AS specific extended communities . . . . . . . . 10 - 5. Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 6. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 6.1. Total Path Attribute Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 7. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 8.1. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 8.2. Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 9. Author's Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10. Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 11. Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 12. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 + 4.1. Four-octet AS specific extended communities . . . . . . . . 11 + 5. Note on BGP Update Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 6. Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 7. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 7.1. Total Path Attribute Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 8. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 + 9.1. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 + 9.2. Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 + 10. Author's Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1. Introduction BGP communities [RFC1997] are used by service providers for many purposes, including tagging of customer, peer, and geographically originated routes. Such tagging is typically used to control the scope of redistribution of routes within a providers network, and to its customers and peers. Communities are also used for a wide variety of other applications, such as allowing customers to set attributes such as LOCAL_PREF [RFC1771] by sending appropriate communities to @@ -106,25 +111,20 @@ implement this scheme (as there is a large amount of existing data as well as many legacy peerings). The remainder of this document is organized as follows. Section 2 provides both the definition of terms used as well as the semantics of the communities used for BGP data collection, and section 3 defines the corresponding encodings for RFC 1997 [RFC1997] communities. Finally, section 4 defines the encodings for use with extended communities [EXTCOMM]. - The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", - "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this - document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 - [RFC2119]. - 2. Definitions In this section, we define the terms used and the categories of routes that may be tagged with communities. This tagging is often referred to coloring, and we refer to a route's "color" as its community value. The categories defined here are loosely modeled on those described in [WANG] and [HUSTON]. 2.1. Peers and Peering @@ -151,21 +151,21 @@ propagated to the service provider's customers. 2.4. Internal Routes Internal routes are those routes that a service provider originates and passes to its peers and customers. These routes are frequently taken out of the address space allocated to a provider. 2.5. Internal More Specific Routes - Internal more specific routes are those routes which are frequently + Internal more-specific routes are those routes which are frequently used for circuit load balancing purposes, IGP route reduction, and also may correspond to customer services which are not visible outside the service provider's network. Internal more specific routes are not exported to any external peer. 2.6. Special Purpose Routes Special purpose routes are those routes which do not fall into any of the other classes described here. In those cases in which such routes need to be distinguished, a service provider may color such routes @@ -180,21 +180,21 @@ 2.8. National Routes These are route sets that are sourced from and/or received within a particular country. 2.9. Regional Routes Several global backbones implement regional policy based on their deployed footprint, and on strategic and business imperatives. - Service providers often have settlement free interconnections with an + Service providers often have settlement-free interconnections with an AS in one region, and that same AS is a customer in another region. This mandates use of regional routing, including community attributes set by the network in question to allow easy discrimination among regional routes. For example, service providers may treat a route set received from another service provider in Europe differently than the same route set received in North America, as it is common practice to sell transit in one region while peering in the other. 3. RFC 1997 Community Encoding and Values @@ -208,23 +208,22 @@ order two octets to represent the providers AS number, and the low order two octets to represent the classification of the route, as depicted below: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ - where 16 bit AS number, and is the encoding of the - value. For example, the encoding 0x2A7C029A would represent the AS - 10876 with value 666. + where 16 bit AS number. For example, the encoding 0x2A7C029A + would represent the AS 10876 with value 666. 3.1. Community Values for BGP Data Collection In this section we define the RFC 1997 community encoding for the route types described above for use in BGP data collection. It is anticipated that a service provider's internal community values will be converted to these standard values for output to a route collector. This document follows the best current practice of using the basic @@ -233,67 +232,78 @@ Category Value =============================================================== Reserved :0000000000000000 Customer Routes :0000000000000001 Peer Routes :0000000000000010 Internal Routes :0000000000000011 Internal More Specific Routes :0000000000000100 Special Purpose Routes :0000000000000101 Upstream Routes :0000000000000110 - Reserved :0000000000000011- - :0000111111111111 - National and Regional Routes :0001000000000000- + Reserved :0000000000000111- + :0000011111111111 + National and Regional Routes :0000100000000000- :1111111111111111 - Africa (AF) :0001 - Oceania (OC) :0010 - Asia (AS) :0011 - Antarctica (AQ) :0100 - Europe (EU) :0101 - Latin America/Caribbean islands (LAC) :0110 - North America (NA) :0111 - Reserved :1000000000000000- + Africa (AF) : + Oceania (OC) : + Asia (AS) : + Antarctica (AQ) : + Europe (EU) : + Latin America/Caribbean islands (LAC) : + North America (NA) : + Reserved :0100000000000000- :1111111111111111 - In the above table, + Where is the 16-bit AS - is the 5-bit Region - is 1-bit satellite link indication (1 if satellite link, 0 otherwise) + is the 5-bit Region Identifier + is the 1-bit satellite link indication + X = 1 for satellite links, 0 otherwise is the 10-bit ISO-3166-2 country code + and takes the values: + + Africa (AF) 00001 + Oceania (OC) 00010 + Asia (AS) 00011 + Antarctica (AQ) 00100 + Europe (EU) 00101 + Latin America/Caribbean Islands (LAC) 00110 + North America (NA) 00111 + Reserved 01000-11111 That is: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | |X| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ For example, the encoding for a national route over a terrestrial link in AS 10876 from the Fiji Islands would be: - = 10876 = 0x2A7B - = OC = 0010 - = 0x0 + = 10876 = 0x2A7C + = 00010 + = 0 = Fiji Islands Country Code = 242 = 0011110010 - so that the low order 16 bits look like 001000011110010 = 0x10F2. + In this case, the low order 16 bits are 0001000011110010 = 0x10F2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x2A7C | 0x10F2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Note that a configuration language might allow the specification of - this community as 10876:4338 (0x1F2 == 4338 decimal). + this community as 10876:4338 (0x10F2 == 4338 decimal). Finally, note that these categories are not intended to be mutually exclusive, and multiple communities can be attached where appropriate. 4. Extended Communities In some cases, the encoding described in section 3.1 may clash with a service provider's existing community assignments. Extended communities [EXTCOMM] provide a convenient mechanism that can be used @@ -354,177 +364,170 @@ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x02 | 0x05 | Global Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Global Administrator (cont.) | 0x10F2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ In this case, the 4 octet Global Administrator sub-field contains a 4-octets Autonomous System number assigned by the IANA. -5. Acknowledgments +5. Note on BGP Update Packing + + Note that data collection communities have the potential of making + the attribute set of a specific route more unique than it would be + otherwise (since each route collects data that is specific to it's + path inside one or more ASes). This, in turn, can affect whether + multiple routes can be grouped in the same BGP update message, and + may lead to increased use of bandwidth, router CPU cycles, and + memory. + +6. Acknowledgments The community encoding described in this document germinated from an interesting suggestion from Akira Kato at WIDE. In particular, the idea would be to use the collection community values to select paths that would result in (hopefully) more efficient access to various services. For example, in the case of RFC 3258 [RFC3258] based DNS anycast service, BGP routers may see multiple paths to the same prefix, and others might be coming from the same origin with different paths, but others might be from different region/country (with the same origin AS). Joe Abley, Randy Bush, Sean Donelan, Xenofontas Dimitropoulos, Vijay - Gill, John Heasley, Geoff Huston, Steve Huter, Olivier Marce, Ryan - McDowell, Rob Rockell, Rob Thomas, Pekka Savola, and Patrick Verkaik - all made many insightful comments on early versions of this draft. - Henk Uijterwaal suggested the use of the ISO-3166-2 country codes. + Gill, John Heasley, Geoff Huston, Steve Huter, Michael Patton, + Olivier Marce, Ryan McDowell, Rob Rockell, Rob Thomas, Pekka Savola, + Patrick Verkaik and Alex Zinin all made many insightful comments on + early versions of this draft. Henk Uijterwaal suggested the use of + the ISO-3166-2 country codes. -6. Security Considerations +7. Security Considerations While this document introduces no additional security considerations into the BGP protocol, the information contained in the communities defined in this document may in some cases reveal network structure that was not previously visible outside the provider's network. As a result, care should be taken when exporting such communities to route collectors. Finally, routes exported to a route collector should also be tagged with the NO_EXPORT community (0xFFFFFF01). -6.1. Total Path Attribute Length +7.1. Total Path Attribute Length The communities described in this document are intended for use on egress to a route collector. Hence an operator may choose to overwrite its internal communities with the values specified in this document when exporting routes to a route collector. However, operators should in general ensure that the behavior of their BGP implementation is well-defined when the addition of an attribute causes a PDU to exceed 4096 octets. For example, since it is common practice to use community attributes to implement policy (among other functionality such as allowing customers to set attributes such as LOCAL_PREF), the behavior of an implementation when the attribute space overflows is crucial. Among other behaviors, an implementation might usurp the intended attribute data or otherwise cause indeterminate failures. These behaviors can result in unanticipated community attribute sets, and hence result in unintended policy implications. -7. IANA Considerations +8. IANA Considerations This document assigns a new Sub-Type for the AS specific extended community type. In particular, the IANA should assign Sub-type 0x05, using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in RFC 2434 [RFC2434], for the Sub-Type defined in Section 4. This corresponds to a Type Field value of 0x0005. -8. References +9. References -8.1. Normative References +9.1. Normative References [EXTCOMM] Sangali, S., D. Tappan and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended - Communities Attribute", draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-06.txt, + Communities Attribute", draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-07.txt, Work in progress. [ISO-3166-2] http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html [RIS-ISO-3166] ftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes.txt [RFC1771] Rekhter, Y. and T. Li (Editors), "A Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4)", RFC 1771, March 1995. [RFC1997] Chandra, R. and P. Traina, "BGP Communities Attribute", RFC 1997, August 1996. - [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to - Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, - March 1997. - -8.2. Informative References +9.2. Informative References [HUSTON] Huston, G., "Interconnection, Peering, and Settlements", http://www.isoc.org/inet99/proceedings/1e/1e_1.htm [RFC2028] Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996. [RFC2434] Narten, T., and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998. [RFC3258] Hardie, T., "Distributing Authoritative Name Servers via Shared Unicast Addresses", RFC 3258, April 2002. [RIS] "Routing Information Service", http://www.ripe.net/ris [ROUTEVIEWS] "The Routeviews Project", http://www.routeviews.org [VPLS] Kompella, K., et al., "Virtual Private LAN - Service", draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-bgp-01.txt, + Service", draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-bgp-02.txt, Work in Progress. [WANG] Wang, F. and L. Gao, "Inferring and Characterizing Internet Routing Policies", ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference 2003. -9. Author's Addresses +10. Author's Addresses David Meyer EMail: dmm@1-4-5.net -10. Full Copyright Statement - - Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). This document is subject - to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78 and - except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. - - This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to - others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it - or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published - and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any - kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are - included on all such copies and derivative works. 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This document is subject + to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and + except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. + +Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.